Genetic engineering
Manipulating the genetic material of organisms to introduce, remove, or modify specific genes. This enables the production of desired proteins, modification of metabolic pathways, and creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for various applications.
Synthetic Biology
Designing and constructing biological systems with novel functions not found in nature. This involves assembling standardized genetic parts, circuits, and modules to create biological "machines" for tasks such as biosynthesis, sensing, and computation.
Bioprocess Engineering
Developing and optimising processes for the large-scale production of biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and other bioproducts. This includes designing bioreactors, optimising fermentation conditions, and implementing downstream purification techniques.